![]() ![]() In 1916, Charles Richard Drew presented his thesis on banked blood at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York and discovered that plasma could replace whole blood transfusions. Christy became the world's first African-American osteopathic doctor when he graduated from Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. He was also the first to translate into English much of Alois Alzheimer's work on the disease that bears his name. In 1906, Solomon Carter Fuller was recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as the nation's first black psychiatrist when he published the first comprehensive clinical review of all Alzheimer's cases reported so far. ![]() In 1879, Mary Eliza Mahoney became the first African-American nurse practitioner when she graduated from New England Hospital for Women and Children (now Dimock Community Health Center) in Boston. In 1867, James Francis Shober became the first known African-American doctor with a medical degree practicing in North Carolina when he graduated from Howard University School of Medicine in Washington D. She wrote a book about her experiences as a doctor and her observations on women's health issues. In 1864, Rebecca Lee Crumpler became the first African-American woman to earn a medical degree from New England Female Medical College in Boston. In 1849, David Jones Peck became the first African-American medical student to graduate from medical school in the United States (Rush Medical College in Chicago). He was an abolitionist and author who wrote extensively about racial inequality in medicine. In 1837, James McCune Smith became the first African American to earn a medical degree from the University of Glasgow. During an epidemic of yellow fever that killed thousands of people, he saved more victims than any other doctor, losing only 11 of 64 patients. After buying his freedom, he began his own medical practice in New Orleans and became the first African-American doctor in the United States. James Durham was born into slavery in 1762 and was owned by several doctors who taught him how to read and write, mix medicines, and serve and work with patients. Solomon Carter Fuller, the first black psychiatrist in the nation, these trailblazers have made an indelible mark on medical history. From James McCune Smith, the first African American to hold a medical degree from the University of Glasgow, to Rebecca Cole, the second African American doctor in the United States, to Dr. Despite the odds, many have gone on to become pioneers in the field, paving the way for future generations. Throughout history, African Americans have faced immense obstacles in their pursuit of a career in medicine.
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